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Lithium batteries have become an integral part of our daily lives, powering everything from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. These lightweight and high-energy-density power sources have revolutionized the world of portable electronics and are increasingly being adopted for applications that require long-lasting and efficient energy storage. However, to truly understand the benefits and drawbacks of lithium batteries, it is essential to compare them with their traditional counterpart, the lead-acid battery.
Lithium batteries, also known as lithium-ion batteries, are rechargeable power sources that utilize lithium ions to store and release energy. They are composed of multiple cells, each containing a positive electrode (cathode), negative electrode (anode), and an electrolyte that facilitates the movement of lithium ions between the electrodes during charge and discharge cycles. This structural arrangement enables lithium batteries to store and deliver high energy densities, making them an ideal choice for various applications.
In comparison, lead-acid batteries have a more straightforward structure consisting of two lead plates immersed in an electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid. Unlike lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries use a reversible electrochemical reaction between the lead plates and acid to store and release energy. While they have been the most commonly used rechargeable batteries for decades, their weight, size, and relatively low energy density limit their suitability for modern applications.
To understand the detailed comparison between lithium and lead-acid batteries, it is crucial to delve into factors such as energy density, cycle life, charging efficiency, self-discharge rate, and environmental impact. By examining these aspects, we can discover why lithium batteries have gained significant popularity and how they outperform lead-acid batteries in various fields.
In this article, we will explore the structure, functionality, and characteristics of lithium batteries in detail. We will also examine the key differences and similarities between lithium and lead-acid batteries, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. By the end, you will have a comprehensive understanding of lithium batteries and why they have become the go-to choice for numerous applications, outshining lead-acid batteries in many aspects.
Lithium batteries offer good performance, fast charging and high temperature tolerance. Let’s find out with Thptlaihoa.edu.vn what is Lithium battery? What is the construction of this battery and how is it different from the commonly used lead-acid battery before!
What is Lithium Battery?
Lithium battery , also known as Li-on battery, or Lithium-ion battery, abbreviated as LIB , belongs to the type of rechargeable battery .
Lithium batteries are often used for mobile electrical devices such as phones, cameras, game consoles, computers, etc. Not only that, this type of battery is being focused on developing in the military, the applications of the vehicle electric vehicles (such as electric bicycles, electric motorbikes, etc.) and aeronautical engineering.
In other words, Lithium batteries are expected to replace lead batteries – commonly used in cars, motorcycles and electric vehicles before. It not only offers high performance, but also promises to ensure a clean environment (because of the restriction of heavy metal emissions), as well as to improve the safety of use (because of avoiding the use of electrolyte solutions). contain acids).
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Lithium battery construction
This type of battery uses electrodes – made of compounds with a layered crystalline structure. When the battery is in the state of charging and discharging, Li ions will penetrate, filling the space between these layers. Therefore, chemical reactions occur and provide energy for the device to operate.
The anode is made of a mixture of transition metal oxides and Li (such as LiMnO2, LiCoO2,… and the cathode is made of graphite.In addition, the battery’s electrolyte solution (that is, the medium that allows Li ions to transfer). from one electrode to the other) must have good ionic conductivity as well as a good insulator.
For example:
- Mobile electrical devices: use Lithium batteries with negative electrodes made of Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2, abbreviated LCO). The characteristic of this substance is that it has a high energy density but is less safe when the battery leaks, causing danger.
- Medical electrical equipment, electric vehicles : using Lithium batteries with positive electrodes usually made of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4, abbreviated LFP), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2, abbreviated NMC), and Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2, abbreviated NMC). LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, abbreviated LMO). Although these materials have a lower energy density than LCO, they have a longer lifespan and are safer to use.
Compare Lithium battery with lead battery
Lithium batteries |
Lead battery |
|
Reliability | About 4-5 years | About 1 year |
Charge-discharge energy density |
20 Wh/kg, withstands high pulse discharge currents (for a short period of time) and withstands high loads. |
32 Wh/kg, only withstanding small discharge currents and poor load-carrying capacity. |
Charging time |
|
|
Mass |
Light, about 3-4 kg |
Quite heavy, 12 – 15 kg |
Water resistance | Have | Are not |
Guarantee | Depends on the manufacturer (long time) | Depending on the manufacturer (short time) |
Explosion resistance | High | Short |
Environmental influence |
|
|
Are Lithium batteries durable?
After comparing the factors between Lithium batteries and lead batteries, we see that using Lithium batteries has many advantages and of course the durability of this battery is much higher than that of lead batteries .
Lithium batteries deliver over 90% efficiency , for fast charging speeds and reduce the load on electrical equipment’s chargers when in use. The lifespan of Lithium batteries can last up to 4-5 years , while lead batteries are only about 1 year.
5 types of Lithium batteries commonly used for cheap and best electric motorcycles
Lithium batteries possess many advantages, let Thptlaihoa.edu.vn suggest you these 5 types of batteries commonly used for electric motorcycles that are cheap and best today:
Lithium Battery 48V 12Ah LiBa
- Manufactured: in Vietnam by firm 365.
- Dimensions: 7 x 11.5 x 25 cm.
- Weight: light, only 3.5 kg.
- Voltage: 48 V.
- Capacity: 12 Ah and 15 Ah, can be safely charged at 1 A – 3 A.
- Charges: 1,000 to 2,000 times.
- Available brands of electric vehicles: Yamaha, Yadea, Giant, HKbike and Aima.
- Selling price is about: 5,100,000 VND.
Ingco FBLI2002 20V/4.Ah Lithium-Ion Battery
- Manufacture: in China by brand Ingco.
- Size: 35cm long.
- Voltage: 20 V.
- Capacity: 4.0 Ah.
- Selling price is about: 1,095,000 VND (there are many different prices between selling units).
3.2V 20Ah 10C . Lithium Phosphate Battery
- Made in China.
- Extremely low internal resistance only 0.6 million
- Charge and discharge cycle: more than 2000 times
- Suitable for electric motorcycles, or cars using solar energy.
- Selling price: 245,000 VND VND .
365 . battery
- Brand: 365, made in Vietnam.
- Voltage: from 72V.
- Dimensions: 130 x 210 x 300 mm.
- Weight: 8.9 kg suitable for electric motorcycle
- Warranty: 24 months.
- Battery life: 4-6 years.
- Selling price is about: 11,900,000 VND
Mopo Max
- Brand: Vietnam.
- Capacity: large.
- Weight: super light.
- Applying a variety of Lithium battery technologies to electric motorcycles and many other devices. BMS battery management system helps control battery voltage and temperature, stable operation.
- Utilities: there are 2 USB charging ports and 1 110-220V AC outlet.
- Reference price: 12,782,000 VND.
With the information shared above, hopefully, it will help you better understand about Lithium batteries. If you have any questions, please leave a message below for Thptlaihoa.edu.vn to help you!
In conclusion, lithium batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that utilize lithium ions to generate electrical energy. They are widely used in various electronic devices and have gained popularity due to their high energy density, longer lifespan, and lightweight nature. Compared to lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries offer several advantages including a higher charge/discharge efficiency, lower self-discharge rate, and lack of maintenance requirements.
The structure of a lithium battery consists of a lithium metal oxide cathode, a graphite anode, and an electrolyte solution that enables the movement of lithium ions between the two electrodes. This design allows for a reversible electrochemical reaction, resulting in efficient energy storage and release.
On the other hand, lead-acid batteries consist of a lead-dioxide cathode, a lead anode, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte. While lead-acid batteries have been used for many years and still find applications in some industries, they have several drawbacks compared to lithium batteries. These include a shorter lifespan, lower energy density, and higher self-discharge rate. Additionally, lead-acid batteries require regular maintenance such as topping up with distilled water and have a limited number of charge-discharge cycles.
Moreover, lithium batteries have a wider operating temperature range, making them suitable for extreme environmental conditions. They also have a lower environmental impact as they do not contain toxic substances like lead or acid.
In summary, lithium batteries offer numerous advantages over lead-acid batteries in terms of energy density, lifespan, efficiency, and environmental impact. These factors have contributed to their widespread adoption in various industries, including electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy storage systems. As technology continues to advance, it is expected that lithium batteries will play a crucial role in the future of energy storage and power management.
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