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Calculating mass percentage is a fundamental aspect of analytical chemistry that allows us to determine the relative abundance of each component in a substance. It is a valuable technique commonly used in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and food analysis. Mass percentage reveals the proportion of a particular substance in a mixture and provides valuable insights into its composition. This calculation is crucial in determining the purity of a substance, identifying impurities, and ensuring product quality. By understanding the principles and following a few simple steps, one can accurately calculate mass percentage and gain a deeper understanding of the composition of a substance.
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Mass percent indicates the percentage of each element in a chemical compound. [1] XResearch Source To find mass percent, we must know the mass mp of the elements in the compound in grams/mp or the number of grams of the substances forming the solution. [2] XResearch Source Mass percent is calculated using a simple formula that divides the mass of the element (or solute) by the mass of the compound (or solution).
Steps
Calculate mass percent when mass is known
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 1](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a2/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-1.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-1.jpg)
- Write the equation at the beginning of solving the problem: mass percent = (mass of substance/mass of mixture)x 100 .
- The mass of the substance will be given in the problem. If the problem does not provide, please refer to the section below on how to find the mass percent when the mass is unknown.
- The mass of a mixture is equal to the sum of the masses of the substances that make up the mixture or solution.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 2](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/d/d3/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-2-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-2-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: Calculate the mass percent of 5g sodium hydroxide when dissolved in 100g water?
- The mass of the mixture is the sum of the masses of sodium hydroxide and water: 100g + 5g. So the mass of the mixture is 105g.
- Example 2: Calculate the mass of sodium chloride and water needed to make 175g of a solution of 15% concentration?
- In this example, you know the mass of the mixture and the mass percentage, the problem asks to find the mass of solute added. The mass of the mixture is 175 g.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 3](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/ec/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-3-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-3-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: Mass of sodium hydroxide (substance to find mass percent) is 5g.
- Example 2: In this example, the mass of the substance needs to find the unknown mass percent, and you are looking for it.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 4](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/b/ba/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-4-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-4-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: mass percent = (mass of substance/mass of mixture) x 100 = (5 g/105 g) x 100.
- Example 2: We need to convert the mass percent equation to calculate the mass of the unknown substance: mass of substance = (mass percent * mass of mixture)/100 = (15*175)/100.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 5](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/4/44/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-5-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-5-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: (5/105) x 100 = 0.04761 x 100 = 4.761%. Therefore, the mass percent of 5g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 100g of water is 4.761%.
- Example 2: The equation after conversion to calculate the mass of a substance is (mass percent*mixture mass)/100: (15*175)/100 = (2625)/100 = 26.25 grams of sodium chloride .
- The mass of water added is the mass of the mixture minus the mass of the substance: 175 – 26.25 = 148.75 grams of water.
Calculate mass percent when mass is unknown
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 6](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/0/0f/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-6-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-6-Version-3.jpg)
- Write the equation at the beginning of solving the problem: mass percent = (mp mass of element/molecular mass of compound) x 100 .
- The units of these two values are grams per mp (g/mp).
- When the problem does not give mass, you can use the mass mp to calculate the mass percent of the element.
- Example 1: Calculate the mass percent of hydrogen in a water molecule.
- Example 2: Calculate the mass percent of carbon in a glucose molecule.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 7](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/f/ff/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-7-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-7-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: Write the chemical formula of water, H 2 O.
- Example 2: Write the chemical formula of glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6 .
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 8](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/6/64/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-8-Version-2.jpg)
- Example 1: We find that the atomic mass of oxygen is 15.9994; and the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.0079. [9] XResearch Source
- Example 2: We find that the atomic mass of carbon is 12.0107; oxygen is 15.9994; and hydrogen is 1.0079.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 9](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/6/65/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-9-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-9-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: Hydrogen has a subscript of two while oxygen has a subscript of 1. So multiply the molecular mass of hydrogen by 2, 1.00794 X 2 = 2.01588; and the molecular mass of oxygen is 15.9994 (multiply by one).
- Example 2: Carbon has a subscript of 6, hydrogen is 12, and oxygen is 6. Multiply the atomic mass of each element by the subscript, and we get:
- Carbon (12.0107*6) = 72.0642
- Hydrogen (1.00794*12) = 12,09528
- Oxygen (15.9994*6) = 95.9964
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 10](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a5/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-10-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-10-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: Add 2.01588 g/mp (the mass of two mp of hydrogen atoms) with 15.9994 g/mp (the mass of one mp of oxygen atom) to get 18,01528 g/mp.
- Example 2: Add all the masses together: carbon + hydrogen + oxygen = 72.0642 + 12,09528 + 95.9964 = 180.156 g/mp.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 11](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/2/2f/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-11-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-11-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: The mass of hydrogen in the compound is 2.01588 g/mp (the mass of two mp of hydrogen atoms).
- Example 2: The mass of carbon in the compound is 72.0642 g/mp (the mass of six mp of carbon atoms).
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 12](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/5/5f/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-12-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-12-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: mass percent = (mass mp element/molecular mass of the compound) x 100 = (2.1588/18.1528) x 100.
- Example 2: mass percent = (mass mp of element/molecular mass of compound) x 100 = (72.0642/180,156) x 100.
![Image titled Calculate Mass Percent Step 13](https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/b/b3/Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-13-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Calculate-Mass-Percent-Step-13-Version-3.jpg)
- Example 1: mass percent = (2.01588/18.01528) x 100 = 0.11189 x 100 = 11.18%. So, the mass percent of the hydrogen atom in the water molecule is 11.18%.
- Example 2: mass percent = (mass mp of element/molecular mass of compound) x 100 = (72.0642/180,156) x 100 = 0.4000 x 100 = 40.00%. So, the mass percent of the carbon atom in the glucose molecule is 40.00%.
This article is co-authored by a team of editors and trained researchers who confirm the accuracy and completeness of the article.
The wikiHow Content Management team carefully monitors the work of editors to ensure that every article is up to a high standard of quality.
This article has been viewed 252,242 times.
Mass percent indicates the percentage of each element in a chemical compound. [1] XResearch Source To find mass percent, we must know the mass mp of the elements in the compound in grams/mp or the number of grams of the substances forming the solution. [2] XResearch Source Mass percent is calculated using a simple formula that divides the mass of the element (or solute) by the mass of the compound (or solution).
In conclusion, calculating mass percentage is a useful tool in various scientific fields, such as chemistry and material science, as it allows for accurate characterization of substances and mixtures. By determining the mass of a specific component in relation to the total mass of the system, scientists can gain valuable insights into the composition and properties of a substance. The steps involved in calculating mass percentage are relatively straightforward: determining the mass of the component of interest and the total mass of the system, and then dividing the mass of the component by the total mass and multiplying by 100. This calculation can be applied to solids, liquids, and gases, and can help in a wide range of applications, from analyzing the composition of a solution to determining the purity of a substance. Overall, understanding how to calculate mass percentage is an important skill for anyone working in scientific fields, as it provides a quantitative measure of the relative amount of a particular component in a given system.
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